Avicenna Veterinary Research3115-70842220260601Utilization of Fruit and Vegetable Pomace in Pet Food Formulation: A Sustainable Approach18646110.22084/avr.2025.32020.1026ENSajjadValinezhadProduct Developer-Arat Food Industries, Safadasht, Tehran, IranMahsaHallaj-SalahipourDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0003-3174-1752Journal Article20251203Pet owners and researchers are increasingly looking for sustainable and healthy options in animal nutrition. Fruit and vegetable pomace, the solid material left after juice or puree extraction, is one promising ingredient. Pomace from apples, tomatoes, grapes, carrots, and spinach contains useful nutrients such as ber, pectin, polyphenols, vitamins, and natural sugars. Studies show that including moderate amounts of pomace (about 2.5{10% of the diet) can improve digestion, support bene cial gut bacteria, enhance antioxidant activity, and lead to better stool quality in dogs and cats. Processing methods like drying, fermentation, and extrusion help make pomace safer, more stable, and easier to digest. At the same time, using pomace reduces food waste, lowers disposal costs, and supports environmental sustainability. Safety and regulatory guidelines from organizations such as AAFCO and FEDIAF ensure proper use in pet food. This review summarizes current knowledge about pomace composition, bene ts, processing, and safety, and highlights future research needs for making pomace a reliable ingredient in sustainable pet diets.https://avr.basu.ac.ir/article_6461_dead35fa1512ad67301d09326177c42f.pdfAvicenna Veterinary Research3115-70842220260601Optimization of a Culture Protocol for Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells916670010.22084/avr.2026.32294.1032ENMohammad HosseinPouria FarDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran0009-0008-4852-2795SaharHamoonnavardDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran0000-0003-2313-6843HosseinRezvanDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran0000-0002-9328-0245Journal Article20260205Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted extensive research due to their high proliferative capacity, multipotent differentiation, and essential role in tissue regeneration. Despite their application in clinical research, there are limitations in the culture and maintenance of these cells. This study aimed to optimize a cost-effective and efficient protocol for the culture and expansion of M-MSCs. Methods: MSCs were isolated from BALB/c mouse femoral bone marrow (6{8 weeks old) and cultured in DMEM-Low Glucose with 20%-5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin/streptomycin (1%), and gentamicin (0.5%). At passage 3, cells exhibited broblastic morphology and were immunopheno-typed for MSCs (CD73-PE, CD105-PerCP-Cy5.5) and hematopoietic markers (CD34-PE, CD45-FITC). The growth rate, post-freezing cell viability, and population doubling time were evaluated. Results: Fibroblastic morphology was observed at 48 hours post-primary culture, with cells forming a scaffold and reaching 80% con uency by day 5. Under 5% FBS conditions, the time to reach 90% con uency decreased to<5 days by passages 2 and 3. Flow cytometry con rmed a typical MSCs pro le: high CD73 (99.9%) and CD105 (98.5%) and low CD34 (5.99%) and CD45 (2.86%) expression. Results show a positive correlation between increasing passage number and enhanced MSCs growth rate, viability and functional characteristics (p0.05). Conclusion: Optimization of M-MSCs culture through a FBS reduction (20% to 5%) is shown to preserve key cellular properties: broblastic morphology, proliferation rate, and immunophenotypic markers. Our protocol reduces microbial contamination associated with animal serum and provides an economical, and viable strategy for large scale M-MSCs production in regenerative medicine.https://avr.basu.ac.ir/article_6700_32fcc8cfe1fa4c77b5c58dafd36d1a98.pdfAvicenna Veterinary Research3115-70842220260601A Comprehensive Review of Fixatives Used in Diagnostic Parasitology: Morphological Preservation, Technical Performance, and Modern Applications1726670110.22084/avr.2026.32296.1031ENFarideKhanabadiDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IranMaedeHeydariStudent Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IranTaherElmiDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IranJournal Article20260204Background: The selection of an appropriate stool xative is pivotal for preserving parasite morphology and ensuring diagnostic accuracy in intestinal parasitology. Each xative exhibits distinct advantages and limitations with respect to biosafety, compatibility with staining techniques, and applicability to molecular diagnostics. This review provides a systematic comparative evaluation of commonly used xatives and offers evidence-based guidance to support their optimal selection in contemporary diagnostic laboratories.<br>Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify studies investigating fecal xatives used in the diagnosis of intestinal parasites.<br>Results: 10% formalin remains the gold standard for helminth preservation but is unsuitable for delicate trophozoites and molecular assays. PVA and Schaudinn's xatives provide excellent protozoan morphology yet are limited by mercury related safety concerns. Mercury-free alternatives such as SAF, modi ed PVA, and single-vial systems offer safer and more versatile options, although with certain trade-offs in staining quality and consistency. Conclusion: No single xative meets all diagnostic needs. Choice should consider parasite type, laboratory setting, downstream applications, and safety regulations.https://avr.basu.ac.ir/article_6701_e987eff4a7c7b7e580d659feb6f60c1a.pdfAvicenna Veterinary Research3115-70842220260601Evaluating the Impact of Fusariotoxins on Poultry Feed Safety2740670210.22084/avr.2026.32340.1033ENRezaBaeelashakiDepartment of Animal Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Azad University Veterinary Science, Tehran, IranSeyed SoheilGhaemmaghamiInstitute of Gricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5413-0391AliKalantari-HesariDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran0000-0002-9079-753XJournal Article20260215This study provides new insights into the prevalence and toxicological impacts of Fusariotoxins in poultry feeds, highlighting the urgent need for integrated management strategies to protect poultry health and improve food safety. These toxins negatively affect poultry by inhibiting growth and increasing their susceptibility to diseases. increased research efforts and enhanced agricultural practices are crucial for mitigating toxin levels in poultry feed. One signi cant aspect of poultry management and welfare practices is the prevalence of Fusarium species poultry feed. These species are commonly found and produce mycotoxins that pose signi cant risks to both poultry and human health. Fusarium fungi are well-known contaminants of agricultural commodities, particularly grains and poultry feeds, due to their hazardous mycotoxins, which threaten poultry health and food safety. The contamination of poultry feeds with Fusarium species and their mycotoxins represents a critical issue due to the detrimental effects on poultry health and productivity. Health challenges associated with mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species are of great concern. This survey compiles ndings from various studies regarding the occurrence of Fusarium species in poultry feeds and the associated toxicological effects. The examination of Fusarium species in poultry feeds has garnered attention within the veterinary and agricultural sciences due to concerns about poultry health and food safety. As this survey will illustrate, there is a pressing need for microbiological, biochemical, and agricultural expertise within the veterinary science domain to understand and mitigate the impact of these fungi on poultry feeds.https://avr.basu.ac.ir/article_6702_9823c9091899dc6f227f9133ba2dfd30.pdfAvicenna Veterinary Research3115-70842220260601The Effects of Saccharin and Hydroalcoholic Extract of Stevia rebaudiana on the Reproductive System in Adult Male Rats4150670310.22084/avr.2026.32460.1034ENMohammadBabaeiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran0000-0002-1517-7162GhazalSamavatDepartment of Basic Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, IranAliKarimi-goudarziDepartment of Basic Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, IranHosseinErik-AghajiDepartment of Basic Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20260419The increasing consumption of arti cial sweeteners such as saccharin has raised concerns regarding their potential adverse effects on male reproductive health. Natural alternatives like Stevia rebaudiana may offer safer options. This study aimed to investigate the effects of saccharin and hydroalcoholic extract of Stevia rebaudiana, both individually and in combination, on reproductive parameters in adult male rats. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into four groups (n=6): control (distilled water), saccharin (5 mg/kg body weight), stevia (400 mg/kg body weight), and saccharin+ stevia (5 mg/kg + 400 mg/kg body weight) administered via gavage for 48 days. Following treatment, testicular biometric parameters, sperm parameters (count, viability, motility, DNA damage, morphology), histomorphometry (tubular differentiation index, repopulation index, spermiogenesis index, seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, testicular capsule diameter), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated. Saccharin treatment signi cantly decreased sperm count, viability, and motility (p<0.05 ), increased DNA damage and abnormal sperm percentage (p<0.05 ), reduced tubular differentiation index, repopulation index, and spermiogenesis index (p<0.05), decreased seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelium height (p<0.05 ), and elevated MDA levels (p<0.05 ) compared to the control group. Co-administration of stevia with saccharin ameliorated these adverse effects, with parameters approaching control group levels. Saccharin induced oxidative stress and detrimental effects on male reproductive parameters in rats. Stevia rebaudiana extract demonstrated protective properties, potentially through antioxidant mechanisms and improved testicular blood ow, suggesting its suitability as a safer alternative sweetener with reproductive health benefitshttps://avr.basu.ac.ir/article_6703_f29e2360ef277f77595dfae0aab78138.pdfAvicenna Veterinary Research3115-70842220260601Assessment of Chemical Composition and Mineral Contents of Iranian Kilka Fish Meal5157670410.22084/avr.2026.32673.1036ENHosseinJahanian NajafabadiDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranJournal Article20260602This experiment was performed to investigate the chemical composition and mineral contents of Iranian Kilka sh meal (KFM). A total of 6 composed samples of KFM were prepared during one month sampling period from rendering units of two commercial sh meal plants in Gilan province. The results of proximate analysis indicated that the average dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), crude ber (CF) and ash contents of the KFM samples were 94.76, 23.11, 59.72, 0.67, and 13.05 percent, respectively. The average gross energy (GE) value for the KFM samples was 5592 kcal kg-1. The average values of major elements including Ca, P, Na, K, Cl, Mg, and S were 3.92, 2.58, 0.87, 0.56, 0.69, 0.29, and 0.43 percent, in order. The average values for trace elements including Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Se were 223.8, 5.9, 3.9, 79.6, and 1.64 mg kg-1, respectively. There were signi cant negative correlation coefficients (P<0.05) between ash and EE, CP and GE contents of the KFM samples so that the EE, CP and GE values of the KFM samples decreased as ash content increased. Therefore, it seems that the ash content is a good indicator for prediction of other chemical composition and GE content of KFM.https://avr.basu.ac.ir/article_6704_7790583c0d8d74e930a4441ad75ebc64.pdf