Clinical Applications and Recent Advances in Radiotherapy for the Management of Neoplasia in Companion Animals
Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- Hamed Charkhian 1
- Seref Bugra Tuncer 2
- Sule Karaman 3
- Rabia Nergiz Dağoğlu Sakin 3
- Mahsa Hallaj-Salahipour 4
1 Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye & Department of Cancer Genetics, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye
2 Department of Cancer Genetics, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye
3 Department of Radiation Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye
4 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Abstract
Cancer is among the most common causes of illness and death in companion animals, creating a strong need for effective and accessible treatment strategies. Radiation therapy (RT) has become a cornerstone in veterinary oncology, applied as an adjuvant following incomplete surgery, as a curative option for tumors not amenable to resection, and as palliative care to reduce pain or dysfunction while improving quality of life. Recent advances in treatment planning and delivery have signi cantly improved the safety and precision of RT. Modern imaging, computer-assisted planning, and image-guided techniques now allow more accurate targeting of tumors while sparing surrounding normal tissues. Alongside conventional external-beam therapy, selective use of brachytherapy, plesiotherapy, and radionuclide-based approaches|such as radioiodine for feline hyperthyroidism|offer further opportunities for tailored treatment. Despite promising clinical outcomes in dogs and cats, broader application is limited by equipment costs, anesthesia requirements, and the need for specialized expertise. Future priorities include prospective clinical studies, re nement of species-specic dose constraints, and integration of RT with surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies.
Keywords
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& Wilson-Robles, H. (2020). Treatment of feline
injection-site sarcoma with surgery and iridium-
192 brachytherapy: retrospective evaluation of
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of 6 and 18 MeV electron beams for small animal
irradiation. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 54(19),
5847.
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B., Mason, R. P., & Stojadinovic, S. (2018). MR-
CBCT image-guided system for radiotherapy of
Clinical Applications and Recent Advances in ...: 1{9 6
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dio) therapy in pets treatment: the la Cittadina
Fondazione experience. Cancers, 10(2), 30.
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Christensen, N. C. (2018). A survey of stereotac-
tic radiation therapy in veterinary medicine. Vet-
erinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 59(6), 786795.
[12] Elliott, J. (2022). Guide to radiation therapy use
in companion animals. In Practice, 44(3), 124140.
[13] Fan, V. C., Mayer, M. N., Sukut, S. L., Gustafson,
N. R., Mauldin, G. N., & Waldner, C. L. (2018).
Retrospective survey of owners experiences with
palliative radiation therapy for pets. Journal of the
American Veterinary Medical Association, 253(3),
307314.
[14] Farrell, S., Anderson, K., Noble, P.-J. M., & Al
Moubayed, N. (2024). Premature mortality anal-
ysis of 52,000 deceased cats and dogs exposes so-
cioeconomic disparities. Scienti c Reports, 14(1),
28763.
[15] Forrest, L. J., Chun, R., Adams, W. M., Cooley,
A. J., & Vail, D. M. (2000). Postoperative radio-
therapy for canine soft tissue sarcoma. Journal of
Veterinary Internal Medicine, 14(6), 578582.
[16] Fu, D.-R., Weng, H.-Y., Mendez Valenzuela,
C. R., Vanhaezebrouck, I. F., & Plantenga, J.
M. (2023). Retrospective comparison of side ef-
fects and outcomes of three-dimensional conformal
vs. intensity-modulated radiation therapy in the
palliative-intent treatment (4 Gy 5 daily fractions)
of canine intranasal tumors (20102017). Frontiers
in Veterinary Science, 10, 1011949.
[17] Gasymova, E., Meier, V., Guscetti, F., Cancedda,
S., Roos, M., & Rohrer Bley, C. (2017). Retrospec-
tive clinical study on outcome in cats with nasal
planum squamous cell carcinoma treated with an
accelerated radiation protocol. BMC Veterinary
Research, 13(1), 86.
[18] Gerbi, B. J., Antolak, J. A., Deibel, F. C., Follow-
ill, D. S., Herman, M. G., Higgins, P. D., Huq, M.
S., Mihailidis, D. N., Yorke, E. D., & Hogstrom, K.
R. (2009). Recommendations for clinical electron
beam dosimetry: supplement to the recommenda-
tions of Task Group 25. Medical Physics, 36(7),
32393279.
[19] Goodfellow, M., Hayes, A., Murphy, S., & Brear-
ley, M. (2006). A retrospective study of 90Stron-
tium plesiotherapy for feline squamous cell car-
cinoma of the nasal planum. Journal of Feline
Medicine and Surgery, 8(3), 169176.
[20] Grimes, J. A., Rajeev, M., Wallace, M. L., Laver,
T., & Milovancev, M. (2023). Scar revision for in-
completely or narrowly excised soft tissue sarco-
mas in dogs. The Canadian Veterinary Journal,
64(1), 7075.
[21] Hammond, G. M., Gordon, I. K., Theon, A. P.,
& Kent, M. S. (2007). Evaluation of strontium Sr
90 for the treatment of super cial squamous cell
carcinoma of the nasal planum in cats: 49 cases
(19902006). Journal of the American Veterinary
Medical Association, 231(5), 736741.
[22] Hildebrandt, I. M., Skinner, O. T., Mickel-
son, M. A., Daniel, T. E., Ashworth, H. L.,
Kim, A., Wustefeld-Janssens, B. G., Martin,
T. W., McKenna, C., & Oblak, M. L. (2025).
Surgery and postoperative de nitive radiotherapy
for management of canine soft tissue sarcoma: a
multi-institutional retrospective study of 272 dogs
(20102020). Journal of the American Veterinary
Medical Association, 263(3), 112.
[23] Hunley, D. W., Mauldin, G. N., Shiomitsu, K.,
& Mauldin, G. E. (2010). Clinical outcome in
dogs with nasal tumors treated with intensity-
modulated radiation therapy. The Canadian Vet-
erinary Journal, 51(3), 293.
[24] Kent, M. S. (2017). Principles and applications
of radiation therapy in exotic animals. Veterinary
Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice, 20(1), 255270.
[25] Magalhaes, T. R., Benoit, J., NE
CovA, S., North,
S., & Queiroga, F. L. (2021). Outcome after radi-
ation therapy in canine intracranial meningiomas
or gliomas. In Vivo, 35(2), 11171123.
[26] Malfassi, L., Buonocore, G., Carrara, N., Mar-
carini, S., Mazza, G., Pavesi, S., Quintavalla,
F., Sala, M., Urso, G., & Dolera, M. (2022).
A Combined Hypofractionated Volumetric Mod-
ulated Arc Radiotherapy, Radio-Sensitising and
Adjuvant Metronomic Chemotherapy Treatment
for Canine Stage IV Nasal Tumours With In-
tracranial Extension. Topics in Companion Ani-
mal Medicine, 51, 100737.
[27] Mason, S. L., Pittaway, C., Gil, B. P., Russak, O.,
Westlake, K., Berlato, D., Benoit, J., Morris, J.,
& Dobson, J. M. (2021). Outcomes of adjunctive
radiation therapy for the treatment of mast cell
tumors in dogs and assessment of toxicity: A mul-
ticenter observational study of 300 dogs. Journal
of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 35(6), 28532864.
Avicenna Veterinary Research/ Vol. 2, No. 1, Spring 2026 7
[28] McGovern, F. A., Zuber, R. M., & Yu, S. K.-
C. (2024). Case report of a dog treated with ra-
dioactive iodine (I131) and stereotactic body radi-
ation therapy (SBRT) for metastatic ectopic thy-
roid carcinoma. Veterinary Oncology, 1(1), 13.
[29] Meier, V., Czichon, F., Walsh, L., & Rohrer Bley,
C. (2021). Can volumetric modulated arc radia-
tion therapy reduce organ at risk dose in stage 4
sinonasal tumors in dogs treated with boost irra-
diation? Plos One, 16(10), e0259112.
[30] Militi, M., Botta, V., Heidrich, Y., & Berlato, D.
(2024). Efficacy and tolerance of short cycles of
palliative radiotherapy in advanced anal sac ade-
nocarcinomas in dogs. Veterinary Oncology, 1(1),
9.
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treatment of tumours in small companion animals.
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