Antibiotic Residues in Milk and Their Detection Methods: A Review
Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Department of Food Hygiene And Quality Control, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
Abstract
Milk and dairy products play a crucial role in human nutrition, but their quality can be affected by various factors, impacting marketability and consumption. Antibiotics are commonly used in the livestock industry for treatment and growth promotion. However, inadequate supervision and abuse by some producers, as well as improper drug use, can result in the excretion of drug and antibiotic residues into livestock products. These residues can then be secreted into milk and remain unchanged in the nal product, potentially causing health problems for humans such as increased antibiotic resistance and hypersensitivity reactions. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate drug residues in milk and dairy products. Today, various methods are used to identify and quantify the amount of antibiotics in food. It is crucial for experts to choose a reliable and accessible method for this purpose. Implementing a dependable monitoring system, conducting regular inspections, and preventing excessive drug use are all vital steps in minimizing drug residues.
Keywords
References
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Electrochemical ngerprinting of cephalosporin
antibiotics and its applications for investigations
of hydrolysis behavior. Chemosphere, 315:137725.
[1] Baezzat MR, Pourghobadi Z, Pourghobadi R.
Nanomolar determination of Penicillin G potas-
sium (PGK) salt using a Carbon Paste Electrode
modi ed with TiO2 nano particles/Ionic Liquids
in real samples. Materials Chemistry and Physics.
2021 Sep 15;270:124641.
[2] Chafer-Pericas C, Maquieira A, Puchades R. Fast
screening methods to detect antibiotic residues in
food samples. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chem-
istry. 2010 Oct 1;29(9):1038-49.
[3] Colak H, Hampikyan H, Bingol EB. Some
residues and contaminants in milk and dairy
products. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 2007 Apr
1;19(3):1789.
[4] Dezhakam E, Tavakkol M, Ka li T, Nozohouri E,
Naseri A, Khalilzadeh B, Rahbarghazi R. Elec-
trochemical and optical (bio) sensors for analysis
of antibiotic residuals. Food Chemistry. 2024 May
1;439:138145.
[5] Du B, Wen F, Guo X, Zheng N, Zhang Y, Li
S, Zhao S, Liu H, Meng L, Xu Q, Li M. Eval-
uation of an ELISA-based visualization microar-
ray chip technique for the detection of veteri-
nary antibiotics in milk. Food Control. 2019 Dec
1;106:106713.
Avicenna Veterinary Research/ Vol. 1, No. 3, Summer 2025 49
[6] Fusco V, Chieffi D, Fanelli F, Logrieco AF, Cho
GS, Kabisch J, Bohnlein C, Franz CM. Microbial
quality and safety of milk and milk products in
the 21st century. Comprehensive Reviews in Food
Science and Food Safety. 2020 Jul;19(4):2013-49.
[7] Girmatsion M, Mahmud A, Abraha B, Xie Y,
Cheng Y, Yu H, Yao W, Guo Y, Qian H. Rapid
detection of antibiotic residues in animal products
using surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: A
review. Food Control. 2021 Aug 1;126:108019.
[8] hmed S, Ning J, Cheng G, Ahmad I, Li J,
Mingyue L, Qu W, Iqbal M, Shabbir MA, Yuan
Z. Receptor-based screening assays for the detec-
tion of antibiotics residues{a review. Talanta. 2017
May 1;166:176-86.
[9] Khaniki, GRJ. Chemical contaminants in milk
and public health concerns: a review. Interna-
tional Journal of Dairy Science. 2007;2(2):104-115.
[10] Khansili N, Rattu G, Krishna PM. Label-free opti-
cal biosensors for food and biological sensor appli-
cations. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 2018
Jul 15;265:35-49.
[11] Kumar A, Panda AK, Sharma N. Determination
of antibiotic residues in bovine milk by HPLC-
DAD and assessment of human health risks in
Northwestern Himalayan region, India. Journal of
Food Science and Technology. 2022 Jan;59(1):95-
104.
[12] Li Z, Li Z, Zhao D, Wen F, Jiang J, Xu D.
Smartphone-based visualized microarray detec-
tion for multiplexed harmful substances in milk.
Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 2017 Jan 15;87:874-
80.
[13] Liousia M, Gousia P, Aconomou V, Sakkas H, Pa-
padopoulou C. Screening for antibiotic residues in
swine and poultry tissues using the STAR test. In-
ternational Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition and
Public Health. 2015 Jan 1;5(2):173-83.
[14] Megale JD, De Souza D. New approaches in
antibiotics detection: The use of square wave
voltammetry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and
Biomedical Analysis. 2023 Sep 20;234:115526.
[15] Nagel O, Molina MP, Althaus R. Microbiological
system in microtitre plates for detection and clas-
si cation of antibiotic residues in milk. Interna-
tional Dairy Journal. 2013 Oct 1;32(2):150-5.
[16] Parmar JK, Chaubey KK, Gupta V, Bharath MN.
Assessment of various veterinary drug residues
in animal originated food products. Veterinary
world. 2021 Jun 28;14(6):1650.
[17] Schenck FJ, Callery PS. Chromatographic meth-
ods of analysis of antibiotics in milk. Journal of
Chromatography A. 1998 Jul 3;812(1-2):99-109.
[18] Toldra F, Reig M. Methods for rapid detection of
chemical and veterinary drug residues in animal
foods. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2006
Sep 1;17(9):482-9.
[19] Vercelli C, Amadori M, Gambino G, Re G. A re-
view on the most frequently used methods to de-
tect antibiotic residues in bovine raw milk. Inter-
national Dairy Journal. 2023 Sep 1;144:105695.
[20] Wal JM, Peleran JC, Bories GF. High perfor-
mance liquid chromatographic determination of
chloramphenicol in milk. Journal of the Associ-
ation of Official Analytical Chemists. 1980 Sep
1;63(5):1044-8.
[21] Yang X, Zhang S, Yu W, Liu Z, Lei L, Li N, Zhang
H, Yu Y. Ionic liquid-anionic surfactant based
aqueous two-phase extraction for determination
of antibiotics in honey by high-performance liquid
chromatography. Talanta. 2014 Jun 15;124:1-6.
[22] Zhu X, Zhang H, Chen Z, Zhai Y, Wang Y. (2023)
Electrochemical ngerprinting of cephalosporin
antibiotics and its applications for investigations
of hydrolysis behavior. Chemosphere, 315:137725.
)