Evaluation of Hemoglobin and Oxyhemoglobin Dynamics Following Triuralin Administration in Wistar Rats
Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Abstract
Tri uralin is a widely used dinitroaniline herbicide known for its soil persistence and microtubule-disrupting activity. While its phytotoxic and genotoxic effects are well documented, its acute impact on hematological parameters-particularly oxygen transport biomarkers-remains poorly understood in veterinary models. This study aimed to evaluate the dose and time-dependent effects of tri uralin on total hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin concentrations in female Wistar rats following intraperitoneal administration. Rats were administered tri uralin at doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg (24% concentration), and blood samples were collected at 30- and 60-minutes post-injection. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to quantify total hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin levels. Statistical comparisons between control and treated groups were performed. Tri uralin administration led to dose- and time-dependent elevations in hemoglobin parameters. Signicant increases in total hemoglobin were observed at 250 and 500 mg/kg within 30 minutes, with the highest oxyhemoglobin level recorded at 750 mg/kg. At 60 minutes, hemoglobin values in lower dose groups showed partial decline, while oxyhemoglobin remained elevated in the high-dose group. These ndings suggest that tri uralin may induce transient hematological stimulation and modulate oxygen transport capacity, depending on dose and exposure duration. Further investigation is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms and systemic implications.
Keywords
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anaesthesia. 2014 Sep 1;58(5):529-37.
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cious E, Jeremiah O, Collins K, Uche NC, Ehi-
men AW, Chiwendu AO. Biochemical And Hema-
tological Changes In Male Wistar Rats Following
Subacute Exposure To Pesticide.
[3] Cohn CS, Shaz BH. Blood and its components.
JAMA. 2023 Nov 21;330(19):1903-4.
[4] Daraghmeh DN, Karaman R. The redox process
in red blood cells: Balancing oxidants and antiox-
idants. Antioxidants. 2024 Dec 31;14(1):36.
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Neuenhahn P, Allingham P, Leoni AL. Histori-
cal control data for hematology parameters ob-
tained from toxicity studies performed on differ-
ent Wistar rat strains: acceptable value ranges,
de nition of severity degrees, and vehicle effects.
Toxicology Research and Application. 2020 Jul
1;4:2397847320931484.
[6] Drabkin DL. Spectrophotometric studies: XIV.
The crystallographic and optical properties of the
hemoglobin of man in comparison with those of
other species. Journal of biological chemistry. 1946
Aug 1;164(2):703-23.
[7] Fernandes TC, Pizano MA, Marin-Morales MA.
Characterization, modes of action and effects of
tri uralin: a review. Herbicides-current research
and case studies in use. 2013 Jun 12.
[8] Iolascon A, Bianchi P, Andolfo I, Russo R, Bar-
cellini W, Fermo E, Toldi G, Ghirardello S,
Rees D, Van Wijk R, Kattamis A. Recommen-
dations for diagnosis and treatment of methe-
moglobinemia. American journal of hematology.
2021 Dec;96(12):1666-78.
[9] Patel S, Patel S, Kotadiya A, Patel S, Shrimali B,
Joshi N, Patel T, Trivedi H, Patel J, Joharapurkar
A, Jain M. Age-related changes in hematological
and biochemical pro les of Wistar rats. Labora-
tory Animal Research. 2024 Feb 26;40(1):7.
[10] Rifai N. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and
Molecular Diagnostics-E-Book: Tietz Textbook of
Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics-E-
Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2017 Jan 16.
[11] Rifkind JM, Mohanty JG, Nagababu E. The
pathophysiology of extracellular hemoglobin as-
sociated with enhanced oxidative reactions. Fron-
tiers in physiology. 2015 Jan 14;5:500.
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Hemoglobin redox reactions and oxidative stress.
Redox report. 2003 Oct 1;8(5):234-7.
[13] European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Conclu-
sion on pesticide peer review regarding the risk as-
sessment of the active substance tri uralin. EFSA
Journal. 2009 Aug;7(8):327r.
[14] Zhang Q, He Z,Wang J. Acute Toxicity, Oxidative
Stress, Toxicity Mechanism, and Degradation Dy-
namics of Tri uralin in Eisenia foetide (Annelida:
Lumbricidae). Journal of Entomological Science.
2023 Jan 1;58(1):27-46.
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