The Protective Effect of Thiamine on the Histo-stereological Structural Changes of the Testicles and Oxidative State Induced by Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Rat
Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
Abstract
Nanoparticles represent an innovative and highly promising technology in the felds of medicine and diagnostics, offering unique capabilities for targeted drug delivery and advanced diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of thiamine against the histo-stereological and biochemical alterations induced by copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in the testes. A total of 72 adult male, healthy Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, thiamine (30 mg/kg), CuO NP (25 mg/kg), and a combination of CuO NPs and thiamine (30 mg/kg + 25 mg/kg). All substances were administered via intraperitoneal injection, once daily. After 14 days of treatment, the tissue and blood samples were collected for histo-stereological evaluation and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzymes, body weight and testicular weight assessment. Control and thiamine groups maintained normal seminiferous tubule structure, regular spermatogenesis, and high antioxidant levels. CuO NPs administration induced severe histopathological damages, including signi cant reduction in seminiferous tubule diameter, disruption of the germinal epithelium, a signi cant decrease in the number of spermatocytes and spermatids, a signi cant decrease in body and testicular weight, and diminished antioxidant enzyme activity (P<0.05). Thiamine exerts protective effects in testicular tissue through its antioxidant, anti-in ammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, and may serve as an effective adjunct therapeutic agent to counteract the reproductive toxicity and adverse effects induced by CuO NPs.
Keywords
References
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[1] Devaraji M, Thanikachalam PV, Elumalai K.
The potential of copper oxide nanoparticles in
nanomedicine: A comprehensive review. Biotech-
nol Notes. 2024;5:80-99.
[2] Harishchandra BD, Pappuswamy M, Antony P,
Shama G, Pragatheesh A, Arumugam VA, et al.
Copper nanoparticles: a review on synthesis, char-
acterization and applications. Asian Paci c jour-
nal of cancer biology. 2020;5(4):201-10.
[3] Naz S, Gul A, Zia M, Javed R. Synthesis, biomed-
ical applications, and toxicity of CuO nanoparti-
cles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023;107(4):1039-
61.
The Protective Effect of Thiamine on the Histo ...: 43{51 50
[4] Salvo J, Sandoval C. Role of copper nanoparticles
in wound healing for chronic wounds: literature
review. Burns Trauma. 2022;10:tkab047.
[5] Verma N, Kumar N. Synthesis and Biomedi-
cal Applications of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles:
An Expanding Horizon. ACS Biomater Sci Eng.
2019;5(3):1170-88.
[6] Yakut ZAC, Akcay GB, C evik O, Sener G.
Ameliorative effects of melatonin on intesti-
nal oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced
diabetic rats. _Istanbul Journal of Pharmacy.
2020;50(3):160-7.
[7] Vassal M, Rebelo S, Pereira ML. Metal Oxide
Nanoparticles: Evidence of Adverse Effects on
the Male Reproductive System. Int J Mol Sci.
2021;22(15):8061.
[8] Al-Musawi MMS, Al-Shmgani H, Al-Bairuty
GA. Histopathological and Biochemical Com-
parative Study of Copper Oxide Nanoparti-
cles and Copper Sulphate Toxicity in Male Al-
bino Mice Reproductive System. Int J Biomater.
2022;2022(1):4877637.
[9] Amiri A, Dehkordi RAF, Heidarnejad MS, Dehko-
rdi MJ. Effect of the Zinc Oxide Nanoparti-
cles and Thiamine for the Management of Di-
abetes in Alloxan-Induced Mice: a Stereologi-
cal and Biochemical Study. Biol Trace Elem Res.
2018;181(2):258-64.
[10] Luo Y, Zeng X, Dai X, Tian Y, Li J, Zhang Q,
et al. Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Impair Mouse
Preimplantation Embryonic Development through
Disruption of Mitophagy-Mediated Metabolism.
ACS nano. 2024;18(45):31244-60.
[11] Kalirawana T, Sharma P, Joshi S. Reproductive
toxicity of copper nanoparticles in male albino
rats. Int J Pharma Res Health Sci. 2018;6(1):2258-
63.
[12] Dagar G, Bagchi G. Nanoparticles as potential
endocrine disruptive chemicals. NanoBioMedicine.
2020:411-29.
[13] Grigore ME, Biscu ER, Holban AM, Gestal
MC, Grumezescu AM. Methods of Synthe-
sis, Properties and Biomedical Applications of
CuO Nanoparticles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel).
2016;9(4):75.
[14] Katsumiti A, Thorley AJ, Arostegui I, Reip P,
Valsami-Jones E, Tetley TD, et al. Cytotoxicity
and cellular mechanisms of toxicity of CuO NPs
in mussel cells in vitro and comparative sensitivity
with human cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2018;48:146-
58.
[15] Fu X. Oxidative stress induced by CuO nanopar-
ticles (CuO NPs) to human hepatocarcinoma
(HepG2) cells. Journal of Cancer Therapy.
2015;6(10):889.
[16] Moschini E, Colombo G, Chirico G, Capitani
G, Dalle-Donne I, Mantecca P. Biological mech-
anism of cell oxidative stress and death dur-
ing short-term exposure to nano CuO. Sci Rep.
2023;13(1):2326.
[17] Chang Y-N, Zhang M, Xia L, Zhang J, Xing G.
The toxic effects and mechanisms of CuO and ZnO
nanoparticles. Materials. 2012;5(12):2850-71.
[18] Naz S, Gul A, Zia M. Toxicity of copper oxide
nanoparticles: a review study. IET Nanobiotech-
nol. 2020;14(1):1-13.
[19] Abudayyak M, Guzel E, Ozhan G. Cupric Ox-
ide Nanoparticles Induce Cellular Toxicity in
Liver and Intestine Cell Lines. Adv Pharm Bull.
2020;10(2):213-20.
[20] Samrot AV, Noel Richard Prakash LX. Nanopar-
ticles Induced Oxidative Damage in Reproductive
System and Role of Antioxidants on the Induced
Toxicity. Life (Basel). 2023;13(3):767.
[21] Hu Y, Luo H, Netala VR, Li H, Zhang Z, Hou
T. Comprehensive Review of Biological Functions
and Therapeutic Potential of Perilla Seed Meal
Proteins and Peptides. Foods. 2024;14(1):47.
[22] Lukienko PI, Mel'nichenko NG, Zverinskii IV,
Zabrodskaya SV. Antioxidant properties of thi-
amine. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2000;130(9):874-6.
[23] Zimmermann M. Ethical guidelines for investiga-
tions of experimental pain in conscious animals.
Pain. 1983;16(2):109-10.
[24] Parasuraman S, Raveendran R, Kesavan R. Blood
sample collection in small laboratory animals. J
Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2010;1(2):87-93.
[25] Fatahian Dehkordi RA, Bahadoran S, Alijani M,
Mohebi A, Mohammadi H. Recovery effects of
pomegranate seed powder on the testes following
cadmium poisoning in Japanese quail (Coturnix
japonica); a stereological and lipid peroxidation
study. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and
Technology. 2021;13(2):100-5.
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